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A buffer stop or bumper (US) is a device to prevent railway vehicles from going past the end of a physical section of track. The design of the buffer stop is dependent in part upon the kind of couplings that the railway uses, since the coupling gear is the first part of the vehicle that the buffer stop touches. The term "buffer stop" is itself of British origin, railways in Great Britain principally using buffer-and-screw couplings between vehicles. == Types == Several different types of buffer stop have been developed. They differ depending on the type of coupler used and on the intended application. * Buffer stops with anticlimbers. These are particularly important for passenger railway applications, because the anticlimbers prevent telescoping of the railroad cars during a head-on impact. * Buffer stops for a knuckle coupler or an SA3 coupler (centrally positioned between the two rails) * Buffer stops with traditional "buffers" on either side * Hydraulic buffer stops * Friction buffer stops (bolted down to the rail) If there is extra room behind the bumper block, there is usually a sand or ballast drag that is designed to further retard a runaway train. One such accident occurred when a Northern Line train powered past the bumper block at Moorgate station in 1975 on the London Underground system. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「buffer stop」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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